Water Supply and Health: Drinking water and Sanitation Coverage in Ethiopia 1990 - 2015 Review

Water Supply and Health: Drinking water and Sanitation Coverage in Ethiopia 1990 - 2015 Review



Thewodros Bekele , Seyoum Leta



Background: Human health, incorporating physical, social and
psychological well-being, depends on an adequate supply of potable water
and a safe environment sections. Waterborne infections are one of the
commonest problems in developing countries. Access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation needs will eliminate vast part of water-borne
disease cases.
Objectives: to assess the trends safe water coverage and sanitary
conditions in Ethiopia together with the challenges of the sector.
Methods: In depth literature survey from online published peer reviewed
articles, publications from international organization and Ethiopia
ministry of health was used to assess the trend and access of improved
water and sanitation coverage since 1990 to 2015 in Ethiopia.
Results: Among 93 articles, 45 of them have important information and
included in the quantitative review. To this end Ethiopia has reached
the Millennium Development goal of access to safe water and the national
coverage reached to 68.5% and 33% for sanitation facilities. Ethiopia
is not on the right track to reach for sanitation target (47%) of 2015.
The development trend for water coverage and sanitation facilities shows
that urban dwellers (16% of the population) are more benefited than the
rural (84%) citizens. Poor access of sanitation and improved drinking
water in rural part is resulted due to improper planning, malfunction
water scheme utilities, and other factors.
Conclusions: Despite, the efforts made to increase the access to safe
drinking water and sanitation facilities to the population in the last
15 years; water related diseases are still one of the top ten diseases
in the country. Protecting the source alone is not sufficient enough to
reduce waterborne diseases unless point of use treatments and hygienic
handling of water is practiced. Additional commitments and efforts are
required post 2015 to assure the sustainability, access to the basic
human right, water. 



http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/1467813932-2 IJEAB-MAY-2016-3-Water Supply and Health Drinking water and Sanitation Coverage in Ethiopia 1990 - 2015 Review.pdf



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