The Suitability of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study of Ikere-Ekiti, SW-Nigeria

The Suitability of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study of Ikere-Ekiti, SW-Nigeria



Talabi A.O.



Shallow groundwater in Ikere-Ekiti was assessed for potability and
irrigation employing chemical and bacterial analyses. Twenty two
groundwater samples were collected and analyzed using Atomic absorption
spectrometer for cations and ion chromatographic method for anions
determinations (˚C), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) (µS/cm) were
measured in the field using pH Testr meter. The bacteriological analysis
was carried out using nutrient agar medium to obtain plate count of
living bacteria. Results of the analysis revealed that all EC values
were less than 1000µS/cm indicating fresh water. The pH with average
values of 9.48, 7.82 and 7.44 in migmatite, granite and charnockitic
terrains respectively exceeded the approved standard (6.5 – 8.5) for
drinking water in two samples from migmatite, one sample from granitic
terrain and none from the charnockites. Sodium was the dominant cation
with average concentrations (mg/L) of 95.65, 38.33 and 6.61 in
migmatite, granite and charnockite respectively while K+ ions in the
same order of rock units have average concentrations (mg/L) of 60.49,
32.33 and 15.77. The average concentrations (mg/L) of Ca2+ ions in
groundwater located on migmatite, granite and charnockitic terrains were
36.67, 24.63 and 10.98 respectively while those for Mg2+ were 9.94,
7.48 and 4.57. The order of cation abundance was Na+> K+ >
Ca2+> Mg2+. In respect of the major anions, Cl- was dominant with
average concentrations (mg/L) in charnockites (187.20) within approved
standard of 250mg/L while the average values (mg/L) in migmatite (475.2)
and granite (340.62) exceeded the standard value. Following the same
sequence of rock units, HCO3- average concentrations (mg/L) were
34.6mg/L, 27.07mg/L and 25.7. Sulphate and nitrate were less dominant
ions and the order of anions abundance in the groundwater was Cl- >
HCO3-> SO42-> NO3-. Bacteria evaluation revealed that all sampled
groundwater tested positive to bacteria with TBC values (CFU/100ml)
ranging from 1.76X108 to 1.78X109 in migmatite, 5.3x105 to 8.9x108 in
granite and 2.55x107 to 8.2x108 in charnockite. Gibb’s diagram revealed
that chemical weathering of rock-forming minerals has contributed to
solute source in the groundwater of the area. Water type on migmatite
was mainly NaCl while granite and charnockite had NaCl and CaCl types
revealing lithologic effects. Irrigation water quality assessment
employing Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Soluble sodium percent (SSP),
Residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC) and Permeability index (PI) revealed
that the groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose. Groundwater in
the study area is low mineralized, chemically potable, suitable for
irrigation but infected by bacteria pollutants. Differences in rock
types affected the chemistry of the groundwater as reflected in their
physico-chemical compositions, water facies and irrigation quality. 



10.22161/ijeab/2.1.23



http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/23%20IJEAB-DEC-2016-22-The%20Suitability%20of%20Groundwater%20for%20Domestic%20and%20Irrigation%20Purposes.pdf



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