A Review Study on Fluoride Toxicity in Water and Fishes: Current Status, Toxicology and Remedial Measures

A Review Study on Fluoride Toxicity in Water and Fishes: Current Status, Toxicology and Remedial Measures



Rajinder Kaur, Amita Saxena, Munish Batra



Fluoride is widely distributed in nature in many forms
and its associated compounds have been used extensively but its limit in
water is exceeding the permissible level. Excess of fluoride (>1.5
mg/l) in drinking water is harmful to the health. Fluoride toxicity is
increasingly becoming a matter of great concern as many countries in the
world have been declared as endemic for fluoride. This makes it
imperative for scientists to focus on the precise toxic effects of
fluoride on various soft tissues. Fluoride is toxic to all the system
and causes oxidative stress in various tissues. When fluoride is
ingested, approximately 93% is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Contamination of drinking water due to fluoride is a severe health
hazard problem. A good part of the material is excreted but the rest is
deposited in the bones and teeth and is capable of causing a crippling
skeletal fluorosis, non-skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis. There
are various treatment technologies for removing fluoride from
groundwater but these methods are very expensive. Besides using the
water treatment techniques, various plants are having therapeutic
properties to reduce the fluoride toxicity which is a cost effective to
cure the fluoride induced toxicity. 



10.22161/ijeab/2.1.58



http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/58%20IJEAB-FEB-2017-9-A%20Review%20Study%20on%20Fluoride%20Toxicity%20in%20Water%20and%20Fishes%20Current%20Status.pdf



http://ijeab.com/submit-paper/

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