IJEAB Journal

Study on Performance of Different Fodder Crops under Low Cost Green House Hydroponic Fodder Production System A.Krishna Murthy, G.Dhanalakshmi, Kalyan Chakravarthy Hydroponics play most significant role in augmenting fodder shortage and helps for dairy production efficiently. A study was conducted to assess the performance and suitability of different crops under low cost green house hydroponic fodder production unit at SHE&CS Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Yagantipalle. Four varieties of cereals grains and four verities of Pulses were tested. One kilogram grain each of the variety was soaked for 12 hours in water for sprouting in air tight condition for 36 hours. The sprouted seed was spread in trays of size 2.5 ft X 1.5ft and kept in the Hydroponic Unit. Automatic sprinkling of water was managed by cyclic timer. Chemical fertilizer was not used. Data on sprouted seed weight and weight of biomass after 5 days was recorded using electronic weighing balance. The high bioma...

In Vitro Study on total Phenols, Flavonoids Content and DPPH Activity of Withania Species Nishtha Raj, Ayushi Agarwal, Neelam Chaturvedi The escalating interest in appraisal of antioxidant power of herbal plant as medicine, the current study was carried out to explore the antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera root and Withania coagulan fruit in-vitro. Antioxidant activity; total phenol,total flavonoids and DPPH free radical scavenging assay of Withania somnifera root and Withania coagulans fruit aqueous extracts were determined by using reference standards gallic acid, quercetin and ascorbic acid, respectively. The highest total phenols content (mgGAE/g) and total flavonoids content (mgQE/g) was found to be 33.1±0.82 and 1.86±0.01 respectively in aqueous somnifera root extracts as compared to coagulans fruit extract . The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the both extracts was increased with the increasing concentration and was observed h...

Some new observations on the Volvariella genus Speg. 1898 Ajana M., Ouabbou A., El kholfy S., Nmichi A, Ouazzani Touhami A., Benkirane R. et Douira A. Three fungal species of the Volvariella genus were described in this study. Volvariella bombycina and Volvaria speciosa were harvested at the level of the Mamora forest. V. media was collected from one garden grass in the city of Kenitra, this species is new to the Moroccan fungal flora. 10.22161/ijeab/2.2.48 http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/48%20IJEAB-APR-2017-16-Some%20new%20observations%20on%20the%20Volvariella%20genus%20Speg.%201898.pdf ijeab.com/submit-paper/

Effect of an Endomycorrhizal Inoculum on the Growth of Argan Tree Sellal Z.,Ouazzani touhami A., Mouden N., Ouarraqi EL M., Selmaoui K., Dahmani J., Benkirane R., El Modafar Ch.,Douira A The aim of this work is to study the effect of a composite endomycorrhizal inoculum on the growth of argan tree plants under nursery conditions. Analysis of the obtained results after ten months of inoculation showed a significant effect on the growth of the inoculated plants as compared to the controls. Indeed, the mean values of arial fresh weight (27.54 g) and root (23.64 g). The length (59.87 cm), the collar diameter (3.93 cm) and the number of branches (7.37) of the inoculated plants are superior to those observed in the control plants, 13.36 g, 13.43 g, 35.83 cm, 2.83 cm and 4.66 cm, respectively. In addition, frequency (100%), intensity (63.66%) and arbuscule contents (51.79%) and vesicles (25.52%) are very important. The roots of the control plants are not mycorrhizal. The mean...

Characteristics Explorati on of NIiCuZn Nano-Composite coated Permanent Magnets T. Narasimhulu, Mallikarjuna Rao Pasumarthi This paper presents the synthesis of compound using Citrate Precursor Sol- Gel Method and Ball millingfor grinding the compound. X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size was calculated using XRD pattern and confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The electromagnetic properties were investigated using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and molar magnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnetic measurements have proved that the entire preparation method has considerable effect in enhancing the magnetic properties of the system. And an application of PMBLDC machine design with ferrite coated permanent magnets having competitive power density and efficiency. The influence of temperature variation on the magnets on the electric machine performance is also...

Non- Chemical Management of Apple Scab- A Global Perspective Misba Majeed, Nazir A. Bhat, Zaffar A. Badri, VaseemYousuf, Tanveer A. Wani, Mudasir Hassan, Md. Saleem, StanzinDorjey, ShaziaPaswal Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint. is the most widespread disease in apple orchards worldwide. In order to manage apple scab and produce a marketable crop, growers across the globe have relied on 10 to 18 applications of synthetic chemicals at an annual cost of US$202 to $506 per hectare. Until recently, fungicidal control was perceived as the only economical control measure but this perception is changing because of the high costs of new molecules such as the strobilurine-based fungicides, increased fungicide resistance in populations of V. inaequalis, and increased appreciation of environmental costs and consumers negative perceptions of fungicide use. For all these reasons cited above, interest is increasing to develop alternative strategies ...

Environmental Assessment of Vehicular Emission in Port-Harcourt City, Nigeria Nkwocha A.C., Ekeke I.C., Kamalu C.I.O., Kamen F.L., Uzondu F.N., Dadet W.P., Olele P.C. Port Harcourt is a coastal city located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, with very short dry season and long heavy rainy season periods. The objective of this study was to assess air pollution level from vehicular emission during the rainy season period. Three locations in the city noted for high traffic congestion were selected for the study. Air sampling in these locations were carried out for 11 days, covering peak and off peak periods. The following air pollutants were measured namely; nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy), as well as climatic elements – ambient temperature and relative humidity. The air pollutant levels obtained were compared with local and international standards. CO complied with international standard, but exceeded...

Influence of Irrigation Regimes on Quality Attributes of Olive Oils from Two Varieties Growing in Lebanon Milad El Riachy, Amany Haber, Salwa Abou Daya, Ghina Jebbawi, Ghinwa Al Hawi, Vera Talej, Maysaa Houssein, Abdelkader El Hajj An increasing interest on supplemental irrigation is observed in modern olive orchards because of its effect in increasing yield. In this study, the effect of three irrigation regimes (0, 60 and 100% ETC) on quality and chemical composition of olive oil is assessed in Baladi and Edlbi varieties planted in Lebanon. Significant differences (p<0.05) between varieties were observed for the majority of studied traits. Meanwhile, the response to irrigation regimes was strongly different between varieties. In Baladi variety, irrigation regimes resulted in increasing fresh fruit weight together with slight effects on oil yield, quality and composition. Only oleacein content showed significant decrease with irrigation (50.35 mg/kg for 0% ETC, 28.25...

Perception towards Family Planning and its Implication to Environmental Sustainability: The Case of two Selected Kebeles in Aroresa Woreda in Sidama Zone, Ethiopia Zenebe Shuite Argado This study was conducted aiming at to assess perception of couples towards family planning and its relevance to environmental sustainability and to identify factors hindering family planning practice. Sample respondents for study comprises 90 couples in rural and 28 in urban. Data was collected by using random systematic and simple random sampling methods. The instruments used for data collection were interview and focus group discussion. The research found that there is promising level of awareness on family planning and main source of information were health extension agents. Reported reasons in sought of large number of children were old age support, son or daughter preference, considering children as a wealth, and labor support, religious prohibition. Nearly half of respondent coupl...

Impact of the Mixed Consortium of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the Growth and Yield of Rice (ORYZA SATIVA L.) under the system of Rice Intensification (SRI) S. Merina PremKumari, B.Jeberlin Prabina The effect of inoculation of indigenousarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) co-inoculated with Azospirillumlipoferum(strain Az204) and phosphobacteria (Bacillus megaterium - strain PB2) on the growth and yield of rice under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the nursery and field was studied by conducting a field trial at Agricultural College & Research Institute, Madurai. The indigenous AMF was isolated from rice fields of this Institute and were identified as Glomus sp., Gigasporasp. and Acaulospora sp. These AMF were mass multiplied in maize plants using vermiculite as substrate and used as mixed consortium AMF. The mat nursery was prepared and AMF inoculated at the rate of 100g/m2. Also treatment was done using Azospirillum and phosphobacte...

Thiamethoxam in Papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus) Agroecosystems Megchun-Garcia Juan Valente, Rodriguez-Lagunes Daniel Arturo, Castaneda-Chavez Maria del Refugio, Murguia-Gonzalez Joaquin, Lango-Reynoso Fabiola, Leyva-Ovalle Otto Raul Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a profitable fruit of economic and food importance in Mexico and Central America. Veracruz is the state in Mexico with the highest cultivable area, eventhough its production presents numerous phytosanitary problems, which are being faced with the use of the pesticide thiamethoxam. The aim of this study was to make a diagnosis of the use and management of thiamethoxam in papaya agroecosystems in the municipality of Cotaxtla, Veracruz. Two surveys were applied, one to a 30% of the total number of producers organized by an association dedicated to papaya culture, and the other survey was through key informants, both surveys were designed using the snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling technique. The results ...

Status of lymphatic filariasis in Afikpo North L.G.A., Ebonyi State, Nigeria Dr. Ngele K. K. The status of lymphatic filariasis in Afikpo North L.G.A., Ebonyi State, Nigeria was investigated among seven hundred and eighty one (781) subjects from thirty (30) villages, using the following Parasitological methods; the Wet Smear preparation, the Knott’s concentration Technique and the Immunochromatographic Card Test (ICT). From the study, the following prevalence rates of Wuchereria bancrofti were obtained, wet smear preparation (1.66%), the knott’s concentration technique (5.38%) and the ICT method (21.13%). Subjects within the age group 58-62 years had the highest prevalence of 43.48%, using the ICT method. Males were more infected 85(21.85%) than female 80(20.41%). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of infection by gender using ICT cards (P>0.05) at 2 tailed difference of .780. With the Knott’s concentration technique, subjects withi...

Impact of Paper Mill Effluent on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Varieties Kamlesh Diverse nature of agro-based industrial effluents from various industries are disposed off in to soil and water bodies, which has been causing major pollution problem. To economize the irrigation water industrial effluents are now a days commonly used for irrigation. The present study has been carried out to assess the impact of paper mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) varieties KS and Mehak. The pot culture experiment was conducted with the different concentrations like viz., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% along with control (Tap water). Physico-chemical parameters included colour, pH, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), to...

Comparative Studies on Cephalosporin C biosynthesis by Aspergillus and Acremonium Species Zill-e-Huma Bilal, Adeela Yousaf, Iffat Siddique, Arusa Aftab Three species of Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus, A. nidulans) and two species of Acremonium (A. furcatum and A. kiliense) were tested for their potential to biosynthesis of cephalosporin-C (CPC) in batch mode of cultivation before and after mutagenesis. The effects of different ingredients of the medium on CPC yield were thoroughly investigated. Results manifested that sucrose 30 mg ml-1, DL methionine 3mg mL-1 and ammonium sulphate 7.5 mg mL-1 were most appropriate for maximum harvest of antibiotic. Mutants were achieved by exposing fungal cultures to 400 µg mL-1 of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for 1 hour.  10.22161/ijeab/1.4.43 http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/43%20IJEAB-NOV-2016-29-Comparative%20Studies%20on%20Cephalosporin%20C%20biosynthesis%20by%20Aspergillus%20and%20Acremonium%20Species.pdf i...

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, ICT Programmes in Livestock Development Problems & Prospect of ICT in Livestock Development S. Senapati, A. Paikaray, B.C. Das, P. Swain  Remote sensing technology has rapidly expanded for the development of diffident sectors including agriculture and allied fields. The remote sensing techniques will continue to be very important factor in the improvement of present system of acquiring agricultural data. The remote sensing provides various platforms for agricultural and animal husbandry survey. The importance of remote sensing applications to agricultural and allied sectors involve land use pattern, crop production crop yield determination, livestock population, sex of animal, types of farm and distribution of animals. ICTs are emerging as an important tool for the development of societies and have driving forces in the economics world-wide. ICTs are no more confined to assist high –end resea...

Role of PAL and PPO Enzyme Activity in Host Pathogen interaction of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L) Root Tissue Infected with Fusarium Wilt Rathod P. J,D.N Vakhariya  In this study, changes in the activities of Phenlylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) during development and stages of wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f.sp. ciceri (Padwick) Matuo & K. Sato) disease infection in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L) were investigated. During the early stages of disease development, at pre-infectional stage (S1), cultivars did not show any significant change in PAL activity. The activity was significantly increased at infectional stage (S2) as compared with pre infectional stage (S1). Susceptible cultivars had the lower value of PAL at infectional stage (S2). However, at S2 stage cultivars GG-4 and JCP-27 were at par. At post infectional stage (S3), the activity was found to be increased in the all cultivars as compared to infectional or mid gr...

Climate and forest cover changes in district Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan: A Community Perspective Rehana Batool, Tika Khan, Rehmat Karim, Sultan Ahmed The country, Pakistan has only five percent (5%) land cover is under forest which is on decline rapidly. Most of the forest is in the northern areas but several factors are influencing negatively. Climate change phenomenon has expedited deforestation. With increase in population, pressure on forest in Baltistan has also increased while climate change factors are unfavorable for its regeneration. Present study was aimed at investigation into community perception on climate change and forest cover changes in district Skardu, Baltistan. Research revealed that forest cover has on decline (either highly decreasedor decreased) like vegetation cover which has also decreased, particularly near villages more as compared to pastures. Similarly, temperature has increased in winter and spring as compared to summer and autumn. ...

Climate Change and Agricultural Transformation in Shigar Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan: A Commune-Scientific Perception Shafeeqa Batool, Tika Khan, Rehmat Karim, Muhammad Zafar, Sultan Ahmed Climatic change is no more a theoretical paradigm but a scientific fact now. Its men fed incubation period has over and symptoms are evident not only across highland glaciated areas like Shigar Valley, Baltistan and rest of the world but also downstream areas. Communities living in Shigar Valley are agro-pastoral and depend on snow and glacier meld water for agriculture and other domestic uses. Their principal agriculture produce consists upon wheat, buck wheat and barley. Study revealed that over the last thirty years, inhabitants have gone through a transition towards new adaptation approaches caused by climate change in the valley. With a decline and decrease in glacial mass and agricultural produce local inhabitants seek more employments and off-farm activities rather than...

Influence of Postharvest Treatment of Oxalic Acid on Shelf Life and Quality of Litchi Fruit cv. Muzaffarpur S. Poudel, A.K. Shrestha, K. Mishra, T.P. Gotame, R. Regmi A lab experiment was conducted in central laboratory of AFU, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, in first week of June in 2015 to assess the influence of acid on the pericarp browning and other keeping quality of litchi fruits after harvest. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design comprising five treatments; control, distilled water dipping for 5 minutes, oxalic acid @ 1%, oxalic acid @ 3% and oxalic acid @ 5% with four replications. The fruits treated with oxalic acid @ 5% retained more acceptable colour than those on other treatments. The cumulative physiological loss in weight (PLW) was minimum (9.15 %) with oxalic acid @ 5% treated fruits. Also, minimum spoilage loss of 13.9 % was found in the treatment oxalic acid @ 5% as compare to control. Thus, oxalic acid @ 5% was observed promising t...

Toxic Impact of Nuvan (DDVP) on Tissues of Common Carp Channa punctatus (Bloch.) Suneel Kumar Nuvan (DDVP) is a member of organophosphorus compounds. It is extremely toxic to insects and is widely used as insecticides. Nuvan has been taken for the acute toxicity to a fresh water fish Channa punctatus LC50 value calculated for the acute toxicity, which were 0.024 ml/L. Histopathological study of kidney and liver after 24hr, 48hr, 72hr and 96hr exposure to acute toxicity of Nuvan. Treatment with nuvan resulted in hypertrophy of hepatic cells, nacrosis and connective tissue damage in liver. Kidney showed shrinkage in glomerular network and desquamation of tubular cells. The aim of this study is to show the alteration in histopathological changes in liver and kidney and get the real picture of toxicological effect of organophosphate pesticide Nuvan, and correlated to know about the adverse consequence of environmental toxicant on human health. The ...

Urban Agriculture, Waste Management and Food Security, Nepal BibekDhital, Anusha Sharma, Santosh Adhikari Urban population is growing rapidly in Nepal and similarly fallowing of land is increasing in villages. This decreases the total production and increases import of food products. In order to be self-sufficient on vegetable needs of the country, urban agriculture plays an important role. Along with food security, urban agriculture will aid in waste management, human resource utilization, health hygiene and economic growth of urban community. To find out the present situation of urban agriculture in Nepal, a case study was done in Pokhara and Dhulikhel municipality.This study will help in understanding benefits and reasons to enroll in urban agriculture. From this study, area of 150m2 was found sufficient to fulfill the vegetable demand of the urban family with 4/5 siblings which will save Rs6000-8000 /year/100sqm.  10.22161/ijeab/1.4.36 http://ijeab.com/u...

In vitro regeneration and conservation of Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.) by slow growth induction Nair D.S., Reghunath B.R., Soni K.B., Alex S An efficient protocol for rapid in vitro clonal propagation has been established. Shoot proliferation was obtained from nodal explants in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1BA and 0.1 mg L-1 IAA. The shoots were subsequently subcultured every four weeks. The shoots were then rooted in vitro in MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of auxins. The most efficient rooting was observed in MS supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 IAA. The effective acclimatization (91.67 per cent) was obtained in sterilized sand. Slow growth was induced with varying concentration of mannitol (5 g L-1 to 30 g L-1). Maximum slow growth induction with 100 per cent regeneration was recorded in mannitol (10 g L-1) supplemented medium. After 28 weeks in slow growth medium, cultures when transferred to shoot proliferation medium gav...

A Review on Soil Irrigation Effect of Sugar Mill Effluent on Seed Germination Kamlesh With the onset of rapid industrialization various environment related issues are there due to the degradation in quality of the various components of environment. Water pollution is one of them as most of the Indian rivers and fresh water streams are seriously polluted by industrial effluents which come along waste waters of different industries such as fertilizer, pulp and paper, textile, sugar mills, tanneries, distilleries, etc. The sugar industry, apart from being an important contributor to the economy of India, is also a major source of organic and inorganic wastes in water bodies. The sugar mill effluents are having high amount of suspended solids, dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate and sulphate. Use of sugar mill effluents for agricultural purposes is a highly warranted utility of water pollutants propos...

A Study the effect of Biofertilizer Azotobacter Chroococcum on the Growth of Mulberry Cropmorus Indica L. and the Yield of Bombyx Mori L Moorthi M., Senthilkumar A., Thangaraj A. The present study was carried out on the effect of biofertilizer Azotobacter chroococcumon the growth of mulberry plantMorusindica L. and larvalweight, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and effective rate of rearing (ERR) and length of silk filament of the Bombyxmori. Based on growth of mulberry plant, larval weight and the effect of Azotobacter biofertilizer on length of silk filament was more in treated and which was found to be statistically significant at P<0.05 level than control. Cocoon weight, shell ratio, shell weight and ERR were also in an elevated trend in treatment than the control (P<0.01) one. In the present study, the use of biofertilizer A.chroococcum has reduced man power and time duration and has also reduced the usage of chemical fertilizer which could curt...

Study of Effect of Sugar Mill Effluent on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Varieties Kamlesh, M. K. Kidwai The present study has been carried out to assess the water quality parameters of sugar mill effluent and their effect on plant growth and biochemical constituents of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) varieties (Kasuri) and (Pusa Bold). The physico-chemical parameters included colour, odour, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA) and chloride (Cl-). In the pot culture experiment, fenugreek plants were grown up to 21 days, in the soil irrigated with different concentration of sugar mill effluent like viz. (control, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0%) to investigate their effect on plant growth parameters such as germination percentage, seedling vigour, plant length, fresh we...

Fish Waste Bio-Refinery Products: Its application in Organic Farming B. B. Sahu, N. K. Barik, A. Paikaray, A. Agnibesh, S. Mohapatra, P. Jayasankar Fish waste biomasses are locally available resources which contain nutrients. Fermentation of the biomass produces slurries used for plankton production and plant/agri-nutri use. Bio-refinery of fish waste material can be converted into value added biological products such as biofuels, industrial chemicals, animal and fish feed, human food, neutraceuticals and organic fertilizer, etc. Fish processing waste could be regarded as a promising renewable biomass resource for bio-refineries. Hydrolysis of fish waste is aimed primarily at industrial applications of the process. Low cost and simplicity of operation by reducing the cost of material, energy consumption and labour, but maintaining high productivity are some of the important attributes at the industrial application process. Fish hydrolysate generally shows a beneficial ...

A Parade on Molecular Control of Flowering Darshan. S., Hemanth, Priya. R.U. Flower is a reproductive part of plant which contains complex array of functionally specialized structures.Photoperiodism, or the ability of an organism to detect day length, makes it possible for an event to occur at a particular time of year, thus allowing for a seasonal response. Circadian rhythms and photoperiodism have the common property of responding to cycles of light and darkness. Plant physiologists believed that the correlation between long days and flowering was a consequence of the accumulation of photosynthetic products synthesized during long days. Vernalization causes stable changes in the pattern of gene expression in the meristem, gene expression that are still stable even after vernalization is removed. The organ identity genes initially were identified through mutations that dramatically alter the structure and thus the identity of the floral organs produced in two adjacen...

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Dr.Ratan Lal Solanki, Smt Deepa Indoriya The basic concept underlying the principles of integrated nutrient management (INM) is the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility for sustaining crop productivity (both quantity and quality wise). The study was carried out during Kharif season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 in two villages across two blocks (Nibaheda and Gangrar) of Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan. In all 30 integrated nutrient management front line demonstrations on maize crop were carried out in an area of 6.0 ha with the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the latest technology of maize production potential, technological and extension gap, technology index and economic benefit of improved technologies consisting suitable maize varieties Bio 9681 and Prable integrated nutrient management (90:30:30:25 NPK & ZnSO4 kg ha-1 + Azotobacter + PSB @ 20gkg-1 s...

Climate Variability Concerns for the Future of Coffee in India : An Exploratory Study Chengappa P.G., Devika C.M. This paper draws attention to the growing concern of climate variability affecting coffee production in India dominated by small holders. Climate related studies across coffee producing areas around the world have encapsulated the significant impacts on coffee physiology and thereupon production and yield. Specifically, choosing Kodagu district, the largest coffee growing district in India as the study area, the climate variability is assessed by analysing recorded climatic data over the last 33 years. The results revealed a marginal decrease in total rainfall and high monthly variability, rising temperatures and declining relative humidity levels that is likely to impact coffee production given the decreasing yields in the region witnessed at the macro as well as micro level. We concluded the paper by identifying adaptation and mitigation potential me...

Effect of Raoiella Indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Infestation on Chlorophyll and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Areca Catechue P. Prabheena, N. Ramani  Areca catechu L. is one of the most important plantation crop cultivated in Kerala. Recent reports indicate that phytophagous mites could infest the foliage and nuts of areca palm and induce substantial damage, leading to various levels of economic loss. Among the mites, Raoiella indica Hirst, popularly called Red Palm Mite (RPM) has been recognized as a serious pest of areca palm in various localities of India. Various life stages of this mite were found colonizing and feeding on the lower surface of palm leaves, by de-sapping and which in turn would lead to the formation of yellowish speckles and bronzing in later stages and the ultimate drying up of the leaves. Photosynthesis, being a vital process determining the plant vigour and productivity should be addressed with great concern. In the present study, a...

Efficacy of Hormonal (PGF and eCG) Treatment on the Reproductive Performance of Muturu Cows Crossed with White Fulani Semen under Natural Grazing Condition: A Research Work Nwakpu P.E., Obianwuna U., Olorunleke S., Uchewa, E.N. An experiment was conducted at Abakaliki in Ebonyi State during the period of dry season(less rainfall) and onset of rainy season between the months of (February-May) at three locations. Two locations were for the control while the other was used for the synchronized. A total of 100 breeding cows of muturu cattle breed were used for the study. A multi-stage selection process was used on the basis of previous calving history. All animals selected were subjected to scanning with drumniski i-scan ultrasound scanner to ascertain pregnant and non-pregnant cows. All non-pregnant cows were further scanned to ascertain their ovaries for growing follicles hence forming our basis for cyclicity.100 breeding animals selected were randomly allocated to two gr...

Allocative Efficiency of Smallholder Cocoyam Farmers in South-South, Nigeria Wilcox G. I., Ugwumba C. O. A., Achike A. I., Agbagwaa C., Uche F.B. The study examined the levels of allocative efficiency, socio-economic determinants of allocative efficiency and constraints to cocoyam production among smallholder farmers in South-South Nigeria. Multistage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select 200 cocoyam (100- Colocasia and 100- Xanthosoma spp.) farmers for the study. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire administered by personal interview. Descriptive and Parametric statistics involving Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier cost function was used for data analyses using the maximum likelihood method. Results of the analyses indicated that majority (69%) of the farmers were females; 78% attained some level of formal education and 45% operated between 0.1-0.6 hactares of land. The Colocasia and Xanthosoma spp. farmers showed varying...

Biogas Production from Co-Digestion of Poultry Manure and Orange Peel through Thermo-Chemical Pre-Treatments in Batch Fermentation Misgana Lami The increasing demand for the treatment of organic wastes from municipalities, faming and industrial activities is a great opportunity to convert organic wastes into energy in a form of biogas. With the aim of producing biogas from co- digestion of Poultry Manure (PM) and Orange Peel (OP) a series of experiments were carried out for 21 consecutive days. Five different proportions of PM and OP (100%PM, 75%MP+25%OP, 50%PM+50%OP, 25%PM+75%OP, 100%OP) were used to obtain the suitable mix ratio (which gives maximum biogas production). Having determined the optimum mix ratio, chemical pre-treatment with CaO (0.5 g, 1.5 g and 2.5 g) and temperature pre-treatment at 60 and 80 oC were applied to compare the results with those obtained with non-pre-treated waste. Cumulative biogas production obtained from 75%PM+25%OP was 768ml, whereas ...

Effect of Nitrogen on Agronomic Yield, Spad Units and Nitrate Content in Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffal.) in Dry Weather Juan Manuel Loeza Corte, Alejandro Morales Ruiz, Arturo Olivar Hernandez, Edgar Josanine Vargas Ramirez, Magda Elizabeth Marin Beltran, Jorge Francisco Leon de la Rocha, Patricia Hernandez Herrera, Ernesto Diaz Lopez This study was conducted in polyethylene bags of 4 kg capacity with plants of Jamaica from seeds collected from an accession on the coast of Oaxaca, which were planted under the ecological conditions of Teotitlán de Flores Magón, and evaluated under completely randomized design, where treatments were four levels of nitrogen: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 and four repetitions (4x4) = 16 experimental units. The variables evaluated were: both agronomic yields: chalice and seed, harvest index, SPAD units and nitrate content in leaf. The results indicate that higher yields ofseed and chalice, biomass, nitrate content in leaf and SPAD units wer...

Risk Mitigation for Removal of Pesticide Residues in Curry Leaf for Food Safety Swarupa S, Shashi Vemuri, V.Venkateswar Reddy, K.Kavitha The increased consumer awareness and legal issues on food safety, with special reference to insecticide residues in foods, led us to attempt for cheap and effective methods for removal of pesticide residues to address the issues of consumer and food safety, as the farmers are not following the Good Agricultural Practices i.e pre-harvest intervals. The most commonly used pesticides such as dimethoate, quinalphos, acephate, imidacloprid and bifenthrin were sprayed at recommended doses at vegetative stage, samples were collected at 2 hours after treatment to quantify the deposits. The samples were subjected to various household treatments each in three replications, and analysed for residues using validated QuEChERS method, so as to estimate the % removal and their effectiveness. Out of all treatments, respectively, and is the best hou...

Expression of Some Molybdoenzyme Genes under Salt Stress Conditions in Chickpea, Bean and Lentil Plants Bouzid Salha, Rahmoune Chaabane, Bittner Florian The objective of this work is to isolate mARC, XDH1, AAO3, NIA1, SO and ABA3/LOS5 genes in three legume species submitted to salt stress with molybdenum and nitrogen, the growth conditions (T1: control, T2: both molybdenum and nitrogen added, T3: sodium chloride were added, T4: molybdenum, nitrogen and sodium chloride were added), we found these gene sequences in Phaseolus vulgaris and Cicer arietinum in NCBI but not forLens culinaris, so we tried to isolate them using bean and chickpea primers by reverse transcriptase PCR. In chickpea, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase genes expression is enhanced by molybdenum and nitrogen. Nitrate reductase gene expression is affected by salinity. Sulfite oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase are activated under salt stress in bean, which suggests that SO and XDH protein have ...

Effect of hexavalent chromium on germination and morphological changes of Gomphrena globosa ,(L) K.Karthik, P.S.Sharavanan The global wide industrialization has induced different heavy metal pollution and dramatic changes in the biological, chemical and physical environment. The importance of phytoremediation processes considered to clean the metal contaminated and polluted ecosystems. The present study was under taken to determine the effects Cr6+ on germination and morphological changes of Gomphrena globosa ,(L) through phytoremediation technology under different concentration of VAM(Control (without VAM treatment), 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g and 25g VAM / kg of soil) treatments. The present study was concludes that Gomphrena globosa ,(L) could grow under hexavalent chromium polluted soil of Vellore district and applied different concentrations of VAM treatment (Arbuscular mycorrhiza) such as, Control (without VAM treatment), 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g and 25g VAM / kg of soil ...

Effect of organic soil amendments and plant extracts against chilli fruit borer H.armigera at Karchal Village of Medak (District) Telangana State Md. Riyaz Khan, Maruthi Ram Investigations on the effect of organic soil amendments and plant extracts on the activity of pests of chilli fruit borer H.armigera carried out during 2012-213 and 2013-2014 kharif seasons at the Karchal village of Medak District, Telangana state. The experiment was laid out in RBD ( Randomized Block Design). Among the organic soil amendments and plant extracts tested against chilli pests, the most effective treatment was T8. In this, the Combined application of Vermicompost @1250 kg/ha + Neemcake @250 kg/ha at the time of transplanting and 50 DAT (Days After Transplanting). With the combined application sprays of Nimbecidine 5ml/l at 2, 7 WAT (Weeks After Transplanting) and NSKE 5% at 5, 11 WAT, was found to be the most effective treatment against fruit borer H.armigera.  10.22161/i...

Study of Genetic Parameters in F5 Families of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) K.L.Y. Tejaswini, B.N.V.S.R. Ravi Kumar, Lal Ahamed Mohammad, S. Krishnam Raju, M. Srinivas, P.V. Ramana Rao One hundred and fourteen F5 families of rice belonging to six crosses along with seven parents were evaluated during kharif, 2015 at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru to study variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean and nature and direction of association among themselves and with grain yield. Data was recorded on ten characters which showed significant differences among themselves. High PCV and GCV were observed for grain yield per plant and test weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of grains per panicle, grain yield per plant and test weight indicating the presence of additive gene action in governing the inheritance of these traits. Hence, dire...

Assessing the performance of Jaggery market in Andhra Pradesh state, India I.V.Y.Rama Rao, K. Sriram Jaggery manufacturing is an important cottage industry in sugarcane growing regions of Andhra Pradesh state, situated in southern part of India. It is worth nearly 2 billions providing employment to nearly 300 thousand people. The jaggery manufacturers are mostly small and marginal relying on quick returns from jaggery. Present study taken-up with objectives; to calculate the growth of both physical and financial indicators regulated market, to estimate the growth and instability in sugarcane production and to identify the trends in market prices and arrivals of jaggery. The time series data relating to the monthly arrivals and prices prevailed for the cane jaggery, annual turnover; physical and financial aspects of regulated market was obtained from the annual administrative reports of APMC’s (Agricultural Produce Market Committee), Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam, Andhr...

Human Resource Development for Agricultural Sector in India Mr. M. Manikandan, S. Sheik Abdullah The paper describes a system dynamics model developed for dynamic analysis of human resource development for the agricultural sector in different sources of employment, viz., government, private (including corporate), academic, financial institutes, non-governmental organizations, self employment, and others in India. Besides projecting an overall scenario for continuation of current agricultural education policy and trends, the paper analyses simulated results from the model for the current curriculum with 80:20 proportion of technical to soft skills. The analysis shows that in the coming years the private sector will emerge as a major employer for the graduates of agriculture and allied sciences.  10.22161/ijeab/1.4.15 http://ijeab.com/upload_document/issue_files/15%20IJEAB-OCT-2016-13-Human%20Resource%20Development%20for%20Agricultural%20Sector%20in%20India.pdf ij...

The Carbon sink Decreasing in the Eastern Ghats’s of Andhra Pradesh in India Ravi Gedela The carbon sink in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh (India) showed decreasing order through the process of deforestation during 2004-2014 and outlook in the coming 2005-2025 years ≈ -6.896x1025µmol m-2s-1 and -5.648x1025 µmol m-2s-1 respectively ( i.e. lesser amount of photosynthesis reactions are taking place). The carbon sinks are immensely increasing in the process of afforestation during 2004-2014 and upcoming 2005-2025 years, showed an analysis ≈ 4.743x1025µmol m-2s-1 and ≈ 5.217x1025µmol m-2 s-1 respectively (more amount of photosynthesis reaction is taking place). The decreasing and increasing carbon sink phenomenon (combine effect of negative change: deforestation, forest firing, mining and positive change: Afforestation), through the process of deforestation and afforestation during 2004-2014 and viewpoint until 2025 years, showed an analysis of respective values ≈ -...